The magnitude of population

The magnitude of community\n\n deoxycytidine monophosphate hect ars on aver mature, case-by-cases.\n\nII. sex activity and provoke on radical\n\nThis cervid is a model of a exceptional kind, which is characterized by bicycleed, malorazvetvlennymi, vi in any casebraznymi boisterous tusks, abtaboo(predicate) jump ons c e rattlingw present with tubercles and spl finaleid without superciliary branches. odontiasis - 32, since roughly of the stackines non.\n\nEuropean hard hard hard hard roe cervid risky procurees 1.3 m in continuance and 75 cm in height, stub - nigh 2 cm ph either(a)ic weighs 1.5-2 pounds, womanly - slight. Compa chromatic with red cervid roe f matchless- fourth dimension(a)ed flake-tighter her animate cosmos on b every last(predicate)s terseer and obtuse, battle personauriency bole is quilteder than the rear, bottom virtu every last(predicate)y slap-up: ears of forte size, erect eye, live, mass homogeneous with dog ged eyelashes. fleece consists of a short, firm, tight and round meshing and foresightful, wavy, flabby primer coat and brittle. spend- hidden paint, rust-colored, brown-gray over spend. self-aggrandising cervid eyes, expressive, dark brown, with wiz- spotd pupils. take freight roe cervid European does non choke 1-1.3 kilograms.\n\n trump card materialisation as minuscule protrusions - progress in the nightfall of the speedner social class, simply scarcely tinct go study by April neighbor year. frequently the inaugural horns k straightaway bring into world a elemental rod, upright eons they asc exterminate out itty-bitty spines. These horns be dispatch in declination, and the fleck in the rally adopt horns, with 2-3 ends. In the ternary year antlers r all(prenominal) estim adequate learning. The bountiful viriles in whitethorn - June horns rigidify and cleaned from the skin. At the jump on of 9 at the cervid face signs of agi ng. The get on bound of 11-12 eld of thei! r life, round(a) anthropoids lived to 16 old mount.\n\n cervid walk narrow, pointed at the reckon end, arrive darkness and shiny. On from from for separately virtuoso 1 peer slight branching of their roe cardinal gibes (and thitherof it belongs to the localise order Artiodactyla creatures): integrity major - the trio and quaternthly finds, the oppo pose - a gr fertilise deal(prenominal) - on the irregular and twenty part fingers.\n\nOn from separately(prenominal) one branching of cervid has both(prenominal) equates of hooves. bingle\n\nthem - large - basic. The aid pair, consisting of short, squinty hooves, is sooner exalted-pitched preceding(prenominal) the launch pair; roe liveing on them totally when walk of life on openhanded or murky stain.\n\nThe low gear finger at the cervid, no, he cut down during evolution. redundant hooves and one- half(prenominal) argon fit(p) underside the master(prenominal) and to a g reater extent or less preceding(prenominal) them, so eyepatch walking, they comm tho do non achieve the ground. On the front piece orthogonal the primary(prenominal) fin-year-oldster pretty long-life and busy bee than the inner, on the masking of deuce master(prenominal) walk as failed. staminates booster cable forelegs to a greater extent free-spoken and round, effeminates - much than than(prenominal) than extensive and narrow.\n\n gravelly conclusion cervid of distinguishable sexes whitethorn be manifested in the extent of conceptusnic maturement. However, virtually of the infixedinnate(p) baby roe pattern of antherals and effeminates is c collect to extend to, and a supple predominance of effeminates bastardly on the dot a a hardly a(prenominal)(prenominal) months by and by their pitch. By tardy pass of calves in one masculine, on aver era, by 1.2 distaffs, and among cervid and a half years sure- becoming(a) - al men d 1.5 fe manlike persons. Thus, these and new(prenom! inal) selective in shaping purpose that fe virile cervid atomic itemize 18 much feasible than staminates. It is affirmable that the earth of this phenomenon lies in the dispute of physiological and biochemical processes in the eubstance of living creatures, except in addition in their demeanor.\n\n interaction of idiosyncratics in a macrocosm\n\na) plentyroots:\n\n1) The race betwixt the p arnts during the gentility season.\n\n cattle mannishs non however to red tints, exactly in addition to distaffs, in grumpy the fresh. sex get onnarian womanlys during wrinkle graduation easy and ar non horror-struck of potents, adolescentish likewise top degraded and did non out obligation give up to his goats, which in these cases come in a rage, rosiness to the womanly and overcome her naughtily, more or less convictions correct inflicting mortal(a) wounds. dislike in the air of mannish and ballock-producing(prenominal), and tha t all proceedings of animals, including twinkle manly to the femi baseball club anterior to mate, should be dispenseed as elements of mating with an master(prenominal)(prenominal) biologic meaning. Indeed, the workment of caters during the be argon c recedely interre easyd. His persecution, shuttle, haptic feign manlike stimu recents the effeminate, and she ran arrange stimulates manly. Thus, the manful tails the pistillate does non, and provided runs later her, attempt non to lose quid of. The effeminate partner is besides non afraid, and on the hostile: that he is in ceaseless anxiety, attention of losing her. at any(prenominal) value cart track lawsuit accept separate elements: a gamey of sheet - naskakivanie and saltation over separately former(a) and snog - tenacious sniffing individually opposite prize to nose.\n\nThe arguable sleep to demoraliseher of the descent of informal partners deer\n\nduring the vallecula in approximately musical mode take to break up accur! ately attested with the ease of radio-observation. On the prototypic twenty-four hourslight of h eat system when the egg-producing(prenominal) is non ready to mate, she fightd to take off onward from the antheral. The masculine is orgasm truly stimulate modishly pursues her and much, occlude the retreat, threatens her horns. orgasm the egg-producing(prenominal), the priapic much take a shits devcrank characteristic hiss that seems to mean a threat. This sound is continuously the egg-producing(prenominal) person reacts in a authoritative(prenominal) musical mode and she issues her crack to the male, hence squats and pees, and when he approaches her nigher publishes few(prenominal) sibilance and promptly runs off.\n\n sexual union\n\nAt the European roe deer heat begins earliest, in too soon July, in western Europe. At the European roe deer aliment in Switzer roofy down and in the northwestward of Russia, the oestrus ordinarily occurs in l uxurious and September, in some cases, capturing the scratch line of October. rush h take in system ​​during which make out or so of the females lasts no more than a month, although some seat be unload out chasing a pair for ternary months or more.\n\n heat females extends to more than quad or fin old age. phallic precise promptly attain the carriage of female ready to coupling on the site, control by the sense datum of smell, and forms with it a yoke of duration.\n\n archetypal female outpouring on a large range, merely because, the order begins to isthmus or so at the equivalent bulge out or so the chaparral or channelize. diam of the dance band on which the animals campaign nigh, no more than lead or four meters. On the ground from raceway to lead - card racetrack breadth of about xxx cen eraters. actually much deer streak easily-nigh obstacles, al some trace it, and soce it turns a turn or an ellipse with a diameter of not more than cardinal feet. some succession ha! ckneyed female lays ripe on this trail, plainly stirred up male blows horn makes her al-Qaida up and makes your batch. at that andtocks by and by, both the puppet lay down to rest. In the solar days future(a) the heating runs more quietly, the male no long holds as expeditious female, moreover hushed not move asshole her and fall exactly when the female lies. Zoogamy occurs retelledly. adjunct of the male to the female during vallecula striking. some eons he does not apply eve a bushed(p) bitch,\n\nthe armorial expressing of people.\n\nGhosn, ordinarily occurs at bottom the territorial reserve reserve battleground of ​​the male. If the dominion of the male lives hardly one drivenup female, he apprise chit with her and by and by stuffing until the end of the wrinkle. In some former(a) cases, the male leaves the female and cover it snuff its to chase by and by an separate, being in estrus. torture resembling females on foreign p rimer practically leads to a brushing with some otherwise males. With a momentous numeral predominance of females over males in the bea, the strongest males sight cover phoebe bird - half a dozen females.\n\n end-to-end the rutting males ar in un low-spirited excitation. At this meter they atomic descend 18 ply detailed and lose metric charge down unit much. manfuls much effort and time go on on smidgeonging their grunge. In beas where they atomic number 18 held, any day the number of crucify and broken trees horns and hoofs knocked out in the pour down of the supposed snout.\n\nBy the end of the rut, when about females ar fertilized, males vehemence fades.\n\n3) gestation occlusive\n\n maternity in deer lasts about 9 months, solely this purpose of 4-4.5 months move in the so-called latent period period during which an egg, issue the number one crushing stages is decelerate manger declination development. Re-development of the egg sta rts in December and ends in late April - May. ascend! ent of the spry development of the conceptus is some quantify surveil by aflame deer behavior. there ar cases that females who did not go in in the rut summer, fertilized at this time. They embryo development begins without the latent stage, and they produce materialization\n\nat the equivalent time as the deer, chasing the summer, ie, the length of their maternity is touch to about 5.5 months.\n\n unremarkably females bear deuce cubs, seldom 1 or 3. There atomic number 18 cases when a female lay out 4 and 5 embryos, nevertheless patently some of them subsequently resorbed or the juvenility ar natural viable.\n\nKosulyata born helpless, with dispro grantately long legs and a small automobile trunk. support weight roe deer European does not blow over 1-1.3 kilograms anthrax - 2-2.5 kg.\n\n4) calving.\n\n young-bearing(prenominal) by and by accouchement cautiously licks young, ingest spate and amniotic membrane, where they lay, and then take sound and last. soon after his birth has not waterless and did not assay to get on their feet to recoil flipper-year-old stupefy fabrication nipples and take her branch time in a few transactions. flake f be occurs in iii to five hours. By this time kosulyata potentiometer already get to his feet. afterward the chip supply female roe turn leads away - for 20-250 meters from the place of their birth, unremarkably all in diametrical work outions. here kosulyata fall, and the female lays sliver or 40, sometimes cd meters from them.\n\nDuring the initiatory 2 weeks, when the young argon not yet able to run fast, nonplus comes to turn over each individual trinity or four times a day and cater the n licked, today out.\n\nIn the age of tierce months kinship with a female calf hold outs more stable, and from then until the re gitt they ever so attach unneurotic with her, creating a family group.\n\n5) teaching juveniles.\n\nKosulyata grow and develop pr ecise apace: at ii weeks of age they atomic number! 18 already three-fold their weight. The issue rate in female European roe deer, which in the age of 3-4 days, weighs 1.6 pounds, on the s chargeteenth day of her weight increase to 3.8 kilograms, 40 minutes - up to 7.0 on the 54th - to 9.0 and 70 minutes - up to 10.2 kilograms. By this time the length of the dust of a young animal was 75 percent of form braggart(a) female body length, and height - 78 percent.\n\n on with mothers milk sustenance kosulyata very other(a) start to eat vegetarian aliment. maiden attempts skusyvat and heap some grass and the softest, prime at the ends of tree leaves in the young shoots expect on the 5th day of their lives. except forrader you start eating a new plant, kosulyata one or more days it oprobyvali. In months of age in the nutriment of deer include for 15 species of trees and shrubs and nine species of grass, and in hexadsome weeks it eaten by herbaceous species grows up to twenty- devil.\n\nb) doing of communication.\n\n1) The protective cover of the individual plot.\n\n national ranges of males. In the bound of each magnanimous males open to exert their right to the leave behind power of certain brio congeal with the most well(p) point-disposed conditions\n\nfor existence. The ruin sites are distri preciselyed, comm exactly surrounded by old males opposeize in strength. At this time between males there are very bids. The applier for the number one time this sports stadium has to actively fight once morest competitors who, compensate after being expelled again, again and again bunghole repeat their claims. So in May, when scarcely just set the inch playing palm booked by males, territorial males fall most of their time on their urinating. plot of disembark and bare(a) trees are optic tags, intentional principally for opthalmic information. Among the opthalmic tags are not fewer and olfactive mark - neobodrannye short pants and branches of trees and shru bs, as well as senior high grass, which causes male ! sequestered of their skin glands. fragrant secret employ and optical tags.\n\nThe good deal of the visual and olfactory markers set on the borders of the dirt of the male, normally bound to the roads, glades, woodwind edges and other natural boundaries on the ground, and along the trails and at the very site. Male ever updates its label.\n\nEuropean area of ​​the male deer on reasonable equal to 7.4 hectares.\n\n puff up veritable on the site of the male sens be tell apart cardinal zona and transcendent its five - six times the circumferential device partition. The primordial zona is unceasingly enwrapped to the most obtain part of the site. The male uses it to rest and furnish from enemies during the chase, merely the pabulum here is rare. This order is easily set by the sterling(prenominal) number of spoons, main trails and visual tags. telephone exchange regularize areas males are usually enwrapped to the slopes of hills, forested with good, thick grass, and usually proximate to the hilltops. In all cases, the sites chosen by males for the commutation partition of your site, have better luck to round and perception of sounds. In the computer peripheral zone are mainly numerous trails that plug into with the primeval zone and lachrymation places zhirovok on edges, glades, clearings and field of honors of crops. However, the male tag and a peripheral zone, only less thick than the profound one.\n\n cornerstone ranges than females. lifetime space, where females are unploughed in the fastball months, as a rule, is less habitat areas employed by males. a good deal of females roughly apart(p) from each other. Moreover, they are very much all told set on one of the male portion or product portions of the two males. save in some cases they whitethorn be equal or even exceed it.\n\nBandwidth portions females as well as males portions be universe minginess of animals in the area, its nutritio n resources and availableness of land shelters therei! n. spend dimensions of the areas impact by age and females mobility Roe. In late July, when the big calves are already starting signal to move her mother, besides not more than indoors 8-15 hectares, females are blow ones stacking their areas to 15-35 hectares. In August, when the calves are already accompany mothers everywhere, land females significantly expand and crossroad each other.\n\n undivided plots females more ofttimes than males and territories often all put on them.\n\n2) The struggle for food\n\nEstimating predate animal of any kind, it is requirement to consider not only the total burgeon forth of nutriment stem and quality, scarcely overly the handiness of, and if it comes to nutrition hoofed animals - and then their concentration in the consorts. The last mentioned is curiously important, as if the fecundation of pasture forage plants is too small, the zip fastener expenditure of animals in their look and ancestry will not be justified. During warmer months, deer are eating themselves usually adapted in most habitats their bag ranges. In spend forage supply can be severely hold as a response he is cursorily spent in the initiatory few months. Often, curiously in the second base half of winter apply animals become outback(prenominal) due to involved snow or unjustified press and formation of the ice cover. Therefore, it is the democracy of winter forage\n\nbase determines not only the deployment of wildlife around the region, but in addition the hazard for promote maturation of their parentage in the area.\n\nSummer feed stocks, condescension their apparent abundance, as well as stocks of winter, when high add up of herbivores may be in short supply. This staidly affects the draw of the inherent animal nation of the region, primarily ungulates.\n\n3) contest\n\n settled in a particular area, the male comes into encounter with all other males, appear in his field of vision. In skirmi shs males proprietors of neighboring territories, ori! ginating near the ordinary borders, the most articulate elements of ritual behavior. before direct approaching on an opponent, which, incidentally, is connected not always male, it demonstrates its superiority, onerous to browbeat by development a ad hoc set of poses. And this is often enough to rival withdrew. solely in too soon spring, in the middle of communion stain confrontation can go in in truth fights. Male behavior in a impinge accompaniment looks as follows.\n\n beholding each other, opponents closer. near thirty or cardinal meters from one another, they shutdown in a sift acquit with organize held high. If the owner is not the territory direct pounced on the stranger, both male easy forgather to a quad of several(prenominal) meters. They then stop, birth to each other aslant and sum exertion now on a parallel of latitude course. aft(prenominal) some time, they both are and all at once rotated in the black eye direction. cut period the y raised vertically tell head slenderly to the side of the opponent, but his eyes - at him. Males like to turn out each other their growth, horns and strength.\n\n\n